Resultado da pesquisa (4)
Termo utilizado na pesquisa hepatic necrosis
#1 - Spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% in goats
Abstract in English:
This study describes the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of spontaneous and experimental poisoning by nitroxinil at 34% concentration in goats. The outbreak occurred on a farm in the municipality of Prata, Paraíba state. Nitroxinil was administered to a herd of 120 goats, of which 18 presented with anorexia, vocalization, abdominal distension, weakness, staggering, and falls. Necropsy of three goats revealed that the main lesion was acute liver injury. Histologically the liver showed centrilobular necrosis associated with hemorrhage and hepatocyte degeneration. In the kidneys, tubular nephrosis with granular cylinder formations was observed. The lungs showed multifocal to coalescent areas of moderate interalveolar edema and vascular congestion. Experimental poisoning was carried out in two goats, with the same medication and doses administered on the farm. The experimental goats showed clinical signs and macroscopic and histological changes similar to the spontaneously poisoned goats. The diagnosis of nitroxinil poisoning was made based on epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data, and confirmed by experimental poisoning. The administration of nitroxinil in high doses, associated with high ambient temperature and physical exercises, can cause poisoning with high lethality in goats.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Este estudo descreve os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos da intoxicação espontânea e experimental por nitroxinil na concentração de 34% em caprinos. O surto ocorreu em uma fazenda no município de Prata, Paraíba. Nitroxinil foi administrado a um rebanho de 120 cabras, das quais 18 apresentavam anorexia, vocalização, distensão abdominal, fraqueza, cambaleando e quedas. A necropsia de três cabras revelou que a lesão principal era uma lesão hepática aguda. Histologicamente, o fígado apresentava necrose centrolobular associada a hemorragia e degeneração de hepatócitos. Nos rins, nefrose tubular com formações de cilindro granular foi observada. Os pulmões apresentavam áreas multifocais a coalescentes de edema interalveolar moderado e congestão vascular. A intoxicação experimental foi realizada em duas cabras, com a mesma medicação e doses administradas na fazenda. As cabras experimentais apresentaram sinais clínicos e alterações macroscópicas e histológicas semelhantes às cabras intoxicadas espontaneamente. O diagnóstico de intoxicação por nitroxinil foi feito com base em dados epidemiológicos, clínicos e patológicos, e confirmado por intoxicação experimental. A administração de nitroxinil em altas doses, associada à alta temperatura ambiente e exercícios físicos, pode causar intoxicação com alta letalidade em caprinos.
#2 - Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of infectious canine hepatitis: 15 cases, 38(8):1608-1614
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Souto E.P.F., Maia L.A., Ferreira J.S., Gomes L.C.V.M., Carneiro R.S., Driemeier D., Souza A.P. & Dantas A.F.M. 2018. [Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of infectious canine hepatitis: 15 cases] Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da hepatite infecciosa canina: 15 casos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(8):1608-1614. Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Av. Universitária s/n, Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brazil. E-mail: dantas.af@pq.cnpq.br
We described the main epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of canine infectious hepatitis diagnosed in the Laboratory of Animal Pathology of the Federal University of Campina Grande during the period from January 2003 to December 2016. Of the 1,640 necropsied dogs, 15 were diagnosed as infectious canine hepatitis (0.91%). Of the dogs affected nine were males and six females. The ages ranged from 45 days to seven years, being most of them young. Ten animals were mixed breed, four were Poodles and one Rottweiler. Most of the dogs do not received any vaccine protocol. The dogs came from the municipalities of Patos, São Mamede and Teixeira, from Paraiba, northeastern of Brazil. Most of the dogs presented clinical course varying from hyperacute to acute. The main clinical signs were seizure, apathy and hyporexia. At necropsy, the major alterations were observed in the liver, which was pale to orange and with irregular reddish areas on the capsular surface, besides accentuation of the lobular pattern and edema in the wall of the gallbladder. Hemorrhages were observed in several organs. In the histopathology there was centrolobular necrosis of hepatocytes associated with intranuclear viral inclusion bodies, hemorrhages and mixed inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis was established based on the characteristic histopathological lesions and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Infectious canine hepatitis occurs occasionally in the Paraiba, affecting particularly young and unvaccinated dogs.
Abstract in Portuguese:
RESUMO.- Souto E.P.F., Maia L.A., Ferreira J.S., Gomes L.C.V.M., Carneiro R.S., Driemeier D., Souza A.P. & Dantas A.F.M. 2018. [Epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of infectious canine hepatitis: 15 cases] Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos da hepatite infecciosa canina: 15 casos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38(8):1608-1614. Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Av. Universitária s/n, Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, PB 58708-110, Brazil. E-mail: dantas.af@pq.cnpq.br
Descrevem-se os principais aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e anatomopatológicos de casos de hepatite infecciosa canina diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Animal da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, durante o período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2016. Dos 1.640 cães necropsiados, 15 foram diagnosticados como hepatite infecciosa canina (0,91%). Dos cães acometidos nove eram machos e seis fêmeas. As idades variaram de 45 dias a sete anos, sendo a maioria filhotes. Dez animais não apresentavam raça definida, quatro eram Poodles e um Rottweiler. A maioria dos cães não recebeu nenhum tipo de protocolo vacinal. Os cães eram oriundos dos municípios de Patos, São Mamede e Teixeira, pertencentes ao estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. A maioria dos cães apresentou curso clínico variando de hiperagudo a agudo. Os principais sinais clínicos foram convulsão, apatia e hiporexia. Na necropsia, as principais alterações foram observadas no fígado que se apresentava de pálido a alaranjado e com áreas irregulares avermelhadas na superfície capsular, além de acentuação do padrão lobular e edema na parede da vesícula biliar. Hemorragias foram observadas em vários órgãos. Na histopatologia havia necrose centrolobular de hepatócitos associada a corpúsculos de inclusão viral intranucleares, hemorragia e infiltrado inflamatório misto. O diagnóstico foi estabelecido com base nas características lesões histopatológicas e foi confirmado por imuno-histoquímica. A hepatite infecciosa canina ocorre ocasionalmente na Paraíba, acometendo particularmente cães jovens e não vacinados.
#3 - Comparison of the effects of Cestrum axillare leaves with isolated saponins in goats
Abstract in English:
Cestrum axillare Vell. (formerly Cestrum laevigatum Schltd.), family Solanaceae, is the most important hepatotoxic plant in Brazil that causes acute poisoning. It occurs in the Southeast and Center-West regions and in coastal areas of the Northeast Brazil. Spontaneous poisoning was described in cattle, goats and sheep, with clinical signs evidenced within 24 hours after ingestion of the leaves and death within 48 hours after signs onset. The clinical signs observed in acute poisoning are apathy, anorexia, ruminal arrest, arched back, constipation with feces in small spheres, sometimes covered with mucus and blood streaks, muscle tremors, staggering gait and sometimes sialorrhoea. Neurological signs may be observed, due to interference in the urea cycle due to hepatic insufficiency resulting in hyperammonemia (hepatic encephalopathy). The main pathological finding is centrilobular hepatic necrosis. The toxic principle present in C. axillare was not yet definitively proven, but some authors attribute the toxicity of the plant to the presence of saponins gitogenin and digitogenin. However, it has not been determined whether the saponins present in C. axillare are responsible for the hepatotoxic effect of the plant. Thus, the objective of this work is to determine if the saponins are the compounds responsible for the hepatotoxic effects produced by the ingestion of the leaves of C axillare, using goats as experimental model. For this, the effects of the administration of the leaves were compared with those produced by the saponins isolated from the leaves in goats. Six goats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups that received [1] dry leaves of C. axillare (animals A1 and A2), [2] saponins extract from leaves (animals S1 and S2) or [3] control group (animals C1 and C2). For goats receiving the dry leaves the administered dose of plant was 10g/kg for one animal (A1) and 5g/kg for the other one (A2). For animals receiving the saponins extract, administration was done at a dose equivalent to 20g/kg repeated after 24 hours. The dry leaves administered at a dose of 10g/kg to a goat produced toxic effects, with alterations in biochemistry (indicating hepatic lesion) and histopathology showing centrilobular hepatic necrosis. At the dose of 5 g/kg of dry leaves, clinical signs of poisoning were not observed, but hepatic necrosis was found; after 15 days after the last administration, the hepatic parenchyma of this animal was already normal, with only hemorrhagic areas, demonstrating full regeneration. The administration of extracts of saponins containing gitogenin and digitogenin to goats did not produce significant toxic effects, proving that these compounds are not responsible for intoxication. In addition, goats are a good experimental model for studies of this intoxication.
Abstract in Portuguese:
Cestrum axillare Vell. (anteriormente C. laevigatum Schltd.), família Solanaceae, é a mais importante planta hepatotóxica do Brasil que causa intoxicação aguda. Tem ocorrência nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste e em áreas litorâneas do Nordeste. A intoxicação natural foi descrita em bovinos, caprinos e ovinos, com sinais clínicos evidenciados em até 24 horas após a ingestão das folhas e morte em até 48 horas após o início da sintomatologia. Os sinais clínicos observados na intoxicação aguda são apatia, anorexia, parada ruminal, dorso arqueado, constipação com fezes em formas de pequenas esferas, por vezes recobertas com muco e com estrias de sangue, tremores musculares, andar cambaleante e, às vezes, sialorreia. Podem ser observados sinais neurológicos, devido à interferência no ciclo da ureia pela insuficiência hepática resultando em hiperamonemia (encefalopatia hepática). O principal achado patológico é a necrose hepática centrolobular. O princípio tóxico presente no C. axillare ainda não está definitivamente comprovado, mas alguns autores atribuem a toxicidade da planta à presença das saponinas gitogenina e digitogenina. No entanto, ainda não foi determinado se as saponinas presentes em C. axillare são as responsáveis pelo efeito hepatotóxico da planta. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é determinar se as saponinas são os compostos responsáveis pelos efeitos hepatotóxicos produzidos pela ingestão das folhas de C. axillare, usando caprinos como modelo experimental. Para isto, foram comparados os efeitos da administração das folhas com os produzidos pelas saponinas isoladas destas folhas em caprinos. Foram utilizados seis caprinos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais que receberam [1] folhas secas de C. axillare (Caprinos A1 e A2), [2] extrato de saponinas das folhas (Caprinos S1 e S2), e [3] grupo controle (Caprinos C1 e C2). Para os caprinos que receberam as folhas secas a dose administrada de planta foi de 10g/kg para um animal (A1) e de 5g/kg para outro (A2). Para os animais que receberam o extrato de saponinas, a administração foi feita na dose equivalente a 20g/kg, repetida após 24 horas. Foi verificado que as folhas secas, quando administradas na dose de 10g/kg a um caprino, produziram efeitos tóxicos, com alterações na bioquímica (indicando lesão hepática) e histopatológica apresentando necrose hepática centrolobular. Na dose de 5g/kg de folhas secas, não foi observado sintomatologia clínica da intoxicação, mas houve necrose hepática; 15 dias após a última administração, o parênquima hepático deste animal já se encontrava normal, apenas com áreas hemorrágicas, demonstrando plena regeneração. A administração do extrato de saponinas contendo gitogenina e digitogenina a caprinos não produziu efeitos tóxicos significantes, comprovando não serem estes compostos os responsáveis pela intoxicação. Além disto, a espécie caprina é um bom modelo experimental para estudos desta intoxicação.
#4 - Intoxicação por larvas de Perreyia flavipes em bovinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul, p.169-173
Abstract in English:
ABSTRACT.- Soares M.P., Quevedo P.S. & Schild A.L. 2008. [Perreyia flavipes larvae poisoning in cattle in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Intoxicação por larvas de Perreyia flavipes em bovinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):169-173. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br
Three outbreaks of poisoning by Perreyia flavipes Konow, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) in cattle during July and August 2006 in southern Brazil are reported. The morbidity rate was 0.8%, 6.2% and 33% on the 3 farms, respectively. Fatality rate was 100%. Clinical signs were depression, jaundice, recumbence, pedaling movements and death in 24-48 hours. The liver was enlarged with increased lobular pattern, the mesenteric lymph nodes were edematous and Peyer patches of the small gut were depressed. Petechial hemorrhages and ecchymosis were observed in the mesentery and abomasum. On histologic examination the liver showed centrolobular or massive necrosis. Hemosiderosis and necrosis of the germinative centers of lymph nodes, white pulp of the spleen and Peyer patches were also observed. The poisoning occurred probably due to an intense drought in October-December 2005, when the insect stayed as a cocoon underground. The dry conditions probably avoided a higher number of adult sawflies to emerge from the cocoons, what resulted in greater egg production. The large amount of decaying grass due to almost normal rain fall during summer seemed to have provided favorable environmental conditions for the development of larvae in winter.
Abstract in Portuguese:
ABSTRACT.- Soares M.P., Quevedo P.S. & Schild A.L. 2008. [Perreyia flavipes larvae poisoning in cattle in southern Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.] Intoxicação por larvas de Perreyia flavipes em bovinos na região sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 28(3):169-173. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário s/n, Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil. E-mail: alschild@terra.com.br
Three outbreaks of poisoning by Perreyia flavipes Konow, 1899 (Hymenoptera: Pergidae) in cattle during July and August 2006 in southern Brazil are reported. The morbidity rate was 0.8%, 6.2% and 33% on the 3 farms, respectively. Fatality rate was 100%. Clinical signs were depression, jaundice, recumbence, pedaling movements and death in 24-48 hours. The liver was enlarged with increased lobular pattern, the mesenteric lymph nodes were edematous and Peyer patches of the small gut were depressed. Petechial hemorrhages and ecchymosis were observed in the mesentery and abomasum. On histologic examination the liver showed centrolobular or massive necrosis. Hemosiderosis and necrosis of the germinative centers of lymph nodes, white pulp of the spleen and Peyer patches were also observed. The poisoning occurred probably due to an intense drought in October-December 2005, when the insect stayed as a cocoon underground. The dry conditions probably avoided a higher number of adult sawflies to emerge from the cocoons, what resulted in greater egg production. The large amount of decaying grass due to almost normal rain fall during summer seemed to have provided favorable environmental conditions for the development of larvae in winter.
